Kesenjangan Sosial dan Ketimpangan Ekonomi sebagai Pemicu Konflik Politik di Negara Berkembang

Abstract

Social inequality and economic disparity are structural phenomena that continue to overshadow the development of developing countries. Inequality in income distribution, access to education, healthcare services, and economic opportunities often creates a deep divide between elite groups and marginalized communities. This inequality is not merely an economic issue but also affects social and political dimensions, where marginalized groups lose trust in the system of governance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between social inequality, economic disparity, and the emergence of political conflict using a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review of various cases in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The findings indicate that economic inequality not accompanied by fair social policies can trigger political tensions and widen societal polarization. Injustice in the distribution of resources generates collective frustration that leads to protests, demonstrations, and even resistance movements against the government. Furthermore, weak governance and corruption exacerbate socio-political conditions by undermining the legitimacy of power. This study emphasizes that efforts to achieve political stability in developing countries cannot be separated from strategies to reduce economic inequality and enhance social justice through inclusive, transparent public policies oriented toward collective welfare.