Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Keanekaragaman Hayati Laut di Perairan Tropis

Abstract

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global environmental challenges, significantly affecting marine biodiversity, particularly in tropical waters. This study aims to analyze the impact of rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise on the diversity and distribution of marine species in tropical regions. Using a systematic literature review and secondary data analysis from 2015–2024, this research synthesizes findings from various case studies across Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and the Indian Ocean. The results indicate that coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangrove ecosystems are experiencing severe degradation, leading to habitat loss and population decline of key species such as reef fish, mollusks, and marine mammals. Moreover, altered migration patterns and reduced reproductive success are evident among several marine organisms. The discussion highlights how these changes threaten food security, fisheries sustainability, and coastal community livelihoods. In conclusion, climate change poses substantial risks to tropical marine biodiversity, necessitating urgent adaptive management strategies and stronger international cooperation. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of ecological vulnerabilities and emphasizes the need for integrated conservation policies to safeguard marine ecosystems in tropical waters.