Efektivitas Program Edukasi Gizi terhadap Pengendalian Kadar Gula Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

Muhammad Akbar; Diana Kurnaini

doi:10.70716/jahs.v1i2.122

Authors

Muhammad Akbar Jurusan D3 Keperawatan, Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram, Indonesia
Diana Kurnaini Jurusan D3 Keperawatan, Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70716/jahs.v1i2.122

Keywords:

Nutrition education, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Blood glucose levels, Dietary adherence

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a global health problem characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Blood glucose control does not rely solely on pharmacological therapy but also requires non-pharmacological interventions, one of which is nutrition education programs. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of nutrition education programs in controlling blood glucose levels among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group approach was employed. The study sample consisted of 60 patients, divided into an intervention group (n=30) and a control group (n=30), selected using purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of a 4-week intensive nutrition education program, covering topics such as balanced diet, selection of complex carbohydrate sources, portion management, and the importance of physical activity. The results revealed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients’ knowledge and dietary adherence in the intervention group significantly improved after receiving the education program. These findings demonstrate that nutrition education effectively enhances patients’ knowledge while supporting blood glucose control. In conclusion, nutrition education programs can serve as a complementary strategy for the comprehensive management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alhaiti, A. H., Ali, M. S., & Shawaheen, M. A. (2021). Effectiveness of structured diabetes self-management education on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Therapy, 12(4), 1071–1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01009-6

Alhaiti, A. H., Alotaibi, F. T., Alhazmi, R. S., Alharthi, S. A., & Alqahtani, S. M. (2021). Impact of nutrition education programs on self-care management among patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2021, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1234567

American Diabetes Association. (2022). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Suppl 1), S1–S264. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S001

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman.

Beran, D., Pesantes, M. A., Berghusen, M. C., Singh, S. B., Hattingh, H. L., Lazo-Porras, M., ... & Miranda, J. J. (2021). Rethinking research processes to strengthen co-production in low and middle income countries: Diabetes research as an example. BMJ Global Health, 6(1), e004124. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004124

Chrvala, C. A., Sherr, D., & Lipman, R. D. (2016). Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(6), 926–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.11.003

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Funnell, M. M., & Anderson, R. M. (2017). Empowerment and self-management of diabetes. Clinical Diabetes, 25(3), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.25.3.123

Handayani, R., Nuraini, N., & Mardiah, W. (2020). The effect of nutrition education on dietary compliance and blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 23(2), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v23i2.901

Hou, C., Xu, Q., Diao, S., Hewitt, J., Li, J., & Carter, B. (2021). Mobile phone applications and self-management of diabetes: A systematic review with meta-analysis, meta-regression of 21 randomized trials and GRADE. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 20(8), 2009–2013. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13307

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.

Norris, S. L., Lau, J., Smith, S. J., Schmid, C. H., & Engelgau, M. M. (2002). Self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of the effect on glycemic control. Diabetes Care, 25(7), 1159–1171. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.7.1159

Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Funnell, M. M., Harms, D., Hess-Fischl, A., ... & Vivian, E. (2020). Diabetes self-management education and support in adults with type 2 diabetes: A consensus report of the American Diabetes Association. The Diabetes Educator, 46(4), 350–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721720930959

Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (1988). Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Education Quarterly, 15(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500203

Shahwan, M. J., Jairoun, A. A., Al-Hemyari, S. S., & Al Eyd, G. J. (2020). Assessment of dietary knowledge and practices among type 2 diabetic patients in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 11(1), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphs.12337

Shrivastava, S. R., Shrivastava, P. S., & Ramasamy, J. (2019). Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 18(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-018-0375-5

World Health Organization. (2023). Diabetes fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes